Unboxing the AI Stack
Organization · L02 · Language Models

DeepSeek

DeepSeek is an AI lab whose products and services are owned and operated by Hangzhou DeepSeek Artificial Intelligence Co., Ltd.1 The oldest repositories on its deepseek-ai Hugging Face account, DeepSeek Coder models, date from October 2023,2 and its first language-model paper, "DeepSeek LLM: Scaling Open-Source Language Models with Longtermism," was posted on January 5, 2024.3 Its own release log runs from DeepSeek-V2.5 (September 2024) through DeepSeek-V3 (December 26, 2024), DeepSeek-R1 (January 20, 2025) and DeepSeek-V3.2 (December 1, 2025) to the DeepSeek-V4 preview (April 24, 2026) and DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash (September 10, 2026).4 It publishes weights on Hugging Face, with V3.2, V4-Pro and V4.1-Flash under the MIT License,5 and sells API access in formats compatible with OpenAI's and Anthropic's APIs.6

DeepSeek's newest model leads Most-Used AI Models on OpenRouter by Weekly Tokens: DeepSeek V4.1 Flash processed 40.53 trillion tokens through OpenRouter in the seven days to October 12, 2026, up 43% on the week before, and two earlier V4 Flash versions are also in the top 20.7 In Cheapest LLM APIs per 1M Output Tokens, the deepseek-flash model lists $0.30 per 1M input tokens and $1.20 per 1M output tokens at peak hours, deepseek-v4-pro lists $1.32 and $3.96, and off-peak rates are half.8 In Chinese Open-Weight Models: Downloads, Derivatives and Token Share, the ATOM Report finds DeepSeek's cumulative Hugging Face downloads passing Mistral's in January 2026 (128.2 million against 124.3 million) and DeepSeek holding 31.1% of open-model tokens on OpenRouter that month,9 and Hugging Face reports that DeepSeek-R1 became the most-liked model on the Hub within a year of its release.10

Illustration: DeepSeek sits in the Language Models layer of the stack.

Key facts

Operating companyHangzhou DeepSeek Artificial Intelligence Co., Ltd.1
Earliest Hugging Face reposOctober 2023 (DeepSeek Coder)2
Current API modelsDeepSeek-V4.1-Flash (deepseek-flash), DeepSeek-V4-Pro-0813 (deepseek-v4-pro)8
API context / max output1M / 384K tokens Vendor-stated8
deepseek-flash price, peak hours$0.30 input / $1.20 output per 1M tokens (off-peak half) Vendor-stated8
Weights licenseMIT (V3.2, V4-Pro, V4.1-Flash)5
OpenRouter tokens, week to Oct 12, 202640.53 trillion (DeepSeek V4.1 Flash, #1) Measured7

As of . How figures are labeled.

Appears in

Sources

  1. DeepSeek, DeepSeek Terms of Use (last update Mar 27, 2026), retrieved 2026-10-13.
  2. Hugging Face, Hub API: deepseek-ai models, oldest first, retrieved 2026-10-13.
  3. DeepSeek-AI, DeepSeek LLM: Scaling Open-Source Language Models with Longtermism, arXiv:2401.02954 (2024-01-05), retrieved 2026-10-13.
  4. DeepSeek, DeepSeek API Docs: News (release list), retrieved 2026-10-13.
  5. DeepSeek, Hugging Face model cards and license tags: DeepSeek-V3.2, DeepSeek-V4-Pro, DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash, retrieved 2026-10-13.
  6. DeepSeek, Your First API Call (DeepSeek API Docs), retrieved 2026-10-13.
  7. OpenRouter, AI Model Rankings (weekly view, usage data through 2026-10-12; CC BY 4.0), retrieved 2026-10-13.
  8. DeepSeek, Models & Pricing (DeepSeek API Docs), retrieved 2026-10-13.
  9. Nathan Lambert and Florian Brand, The ATOM Report: Measuring the Open Language Model Ecosystem, arXiv:2604.07190v2 (2026-05-25), retrieved 2026-10-13.
  10. Hugging Face, State of Open Source on Hugging Face: Spring 2026, published 2026-03-17, retrieved 2026-10-13.